Diesel

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Diesel or diesel fuel (IPA: /ˈdiːzəl/; voiced "s" because of its eponym) is a specific fractional distillate of petroleum fuel oil or a washed form of vegetable oil that is used as fuel in a diesel engine invented by German engineer Rudolf Diesel in cooperation with the German conglomerate MAN AG. The term typically refers to fuel that has been processed from petroleum, but increasingly, alternatives such as biodiesel or biomass to liquid (BTL) or gas to liquid (GTL) diesel that are not derived from petroleum are being developed and adopted. For clarity, petroleum-derived diesel is increasingly called petrodiesel.

Although Rudolf Diesel's name has become attached to the compression combustion engine and the fuel that it consumes, he was not first to invent the diesel engine. His patent was filed in 1893. However, Herbert Akroyd Stuart built the first compression-ignition oil engine in Bletchley, England, in 1891. He leased the rights to Richard Hornsby & Sons in July 1892, five years before Diesel's prototype was built.

Petroleum diesel

Petroleum diesel, or petrodiesel is produced from petroleum,and is a hydrocarbon mixture, obtained in the fractional distillation of crude oil between 200 °C and 350 °C at atmospheric pressure.

The density of petroleum diesel is about 850 grams per litre whereas petrol (American English: gasoline) has a density of about 720 g/L, about 15% less. When burnt, diesel typically releases about 40.9 megajoules (MJ) per litre, whereas gasoline releases 34.8 MJ/L, about 15% less. Diesel is generally simpler to refine from petroleum than gasoline. The cost of diesel traditionally rises during colder months as demand for heating oil, which is refined in much the same way, rises. Due to its higher level of pollutants, diesel must undergo additional filtration which contributes to a sometimes higher cost. In many parts of the United States and throughout the UK, diesel may be higher priced than petrol. Reasons for higher priced diesel include the shutdown of some refineries in the Gulf of Mexico, and the switch to ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD), which causes infrastructural complications.

Read more at Wikipedia.org