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19 (nineteen) is the natural number following 18 and preceding 20. It is a prime number. more...
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In mathematics
Nineteen is the 8th smallest prime number. The sequence continues 23, 29, 31, 37... 19 is the seventh Mersenne prime exponent. 19 is the smallest Higgs prime for squares and cubes that has an index among Higgs primes that is less than its index among primes overall (because 17 is not a Higgs prime).
Every positive integer is the sum of at most nineteen fourth powers (see Waring's problem).
Nineteen is a centered triangular number, centered hexagonal number, and an octahedral number.
Nineteen is a Heegner number.
19 is the fourth alternating factorial, as it is equal to −(1!) + 2! + −(3!) + 4!
With respect to divisibility, nineteen has a very simple test: 19 divides 100a + b if and only if it divides a + 4b.
In base 10, it is a Keith number, because it recurs in a Fibonacci-like sequence started from its base 10 digits: 1, 9, 10, 19... The decimal expansion of 1/19 has a period of maximum length: 18 digits. Regardless of the base, 19 is a strictly non-palindromic number. In Roman numerals, however, 19 is written XIX and is the largest palindromic prime.
In science
The atomic number of potassium.;
In religion
The number of years in each cycle of the intercalated Hebrew calendar (see Metonic cycle), in which 7 of the 19 years are leap years; it is used by Jews to calculate the time of observance of Jewish holidays.;
The number of angels guarding Hell according to the Qur'an: "Over it is nineteen" (74:30);
The number of surat Maryam in the Qur'an;
The number of Arabic letters in the common formula, the Basmala, "In the name of God, Most Gracious, Most Merciful," being (without vowel marks) "bsm allh alrḥmn alrḥym" ;
A number allegedly encoded in the Qur'an as claimed by Dr. Rashad Khalifa, a biochemist from the USA ;
The Bahá'í calendar is structured such that a year contains 19 months of 19 days each, as well as a 19-year cycle and a 361-year (19x19) supercycle. The Báb and his disciples formed a group of 19, and there were 19 Apostles of Bahá'u'lláh.;
In music
"19" is a 1985 hit song by Paul Hardcastle, with a strong anti-war message, including sampled soundbites taken from a documentary about the Vietnam War in which 19 is claimed to have been the average age of United States soldiers killed in the conflict (an assertion which is widely disputed). The song was parodied by British satirist Rory Bremner as N-n-nineteen, Not Out, the title referring to the English cricket team's risible performance against the West Indies in the previous year.
Read more at Wikipedia.org
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